Benzodiazepines: indications and side effects
Benzodiazepines, such every chip Valium® for example, take long been the about widely used sleeping pills, these psychotropic drugs are actually anxiolytics that besides have an effect on slumber disorders.
Benzodiazepines owe their name to their common chemical structure: the benzodiazepine call.
This barbaric term is the chemic refer for a cyclic structure that combines a benzene molecule (benzo-) too a molecule containing ii nitrogen atoms (-diaz-).
The names of the molecules inward the benzodiazepine course (International Nonproprietary Names or INNs) all accept the same suffix "-azepam".
Indications for benzodiazepines
By binding to a specific receptor, benzodiazepines facilitate the activity of a neurotransmitter, GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid), on its receptor in the brain.GABA decreases the excitability of the key nervous organisation. This reduction volition take several consequences illustrated by the many uses of benzodiazepines.
Indeed, each benzodiazepine has several pharmacological actions inward variable proportions: sedative, anxiolytic, anti-convulsant together amongst musculus relaxant.
They will, so, alive used to treat anxiety also equally insomnia of grade, exclusively as well epilepsy inward add-on to muscle contractures (torticollis, lumbago...).
The sedative also hypnotic representatives are nitrazepam, estazolam, flunitrazepam, loprazolam, lormetazepam, temazepam, besides triazolam.
They take advantageously replaced barbiturates inward the handling of insomnia.
Indeed, benzodiazepines are much less toxic inward instance of overdose (there is an antidote: flumazenil), less addictive too brand not cause the drug interactions of barbiturates.
In add-on, the residuum daytime effects (drowsiness) are really weak. One benzodiazepine that has been widely prescribed inwards recent years as an anxiolytic (merely as well sometimes every flake a sleeping pill) is Lexomil® (bromazepam).
Side effects of benzodiazepines
However, they are not a panacea likewise equally take meaning side effects. Among these, anterograde amnesia is oft pointed at as well equally has earned flunitrazepam the sad reputation of "the rapist'moment drug".
Feelings of drunkenness are too ofttimes sought by drug addicts inward combination amongst alcohol.
In addition, benzodiazepines are addictive when used for long periods or in high doses, resulting inward a withdrawal syndrome likewise equally a rebound effect (ane.e., a return of insomnia) when handling is stopped.
The finish of treatment should, thus, alive gradual, alongside a steady reduction inward dosage.
Contraindications
In general, benzodiazepines are contraindicated inward cases of respiratory failure, allergy to a benzodiazepine molecule, liver failure, slumber apnea, together amongst myasthenia gravis.Prescription-entirely
Available exclusively by prescription for several decades, the prescription atmospheric condition for all hypnotics were tightened past the regime inward the 1990s.The full duration of treatment should not top 8 to 12 weeks (three for triazolam).
Benzodiazepine or "real" sleeping pill?
Today, in the instance of sleep disorders, benzodiazepines tend to live replaced by novel related molecules classified as sleeping pills: zopiclone in addition to zolpidem, for case.
These derivatives are improve tolerated than benzodiazepines, they do not change REM slumber besides equally place fewer addiction problems.
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